Czech Chamber Music Society • Markéta Cukrová

Thanks to her extraordinary versatility and sense of style, the mezzo-soprano Markéta Cukrová is a sought-after performer of vocal music from the Middle Ages to the 20th century. Her long-standing success in early music performance has led to collaboration with renowned ensembles and orchestras (including La Risonanza, Collegium Marianum, Collegium Vocale Gent, Collegium 1704, Orkiestra Historyczna, the Czech Philharmonic and the Flemish Philharmonic), with whom she has made more than 20 recordings. Her album of arias by J. D. Zelenka with the Ensemble Tourbillon and her recording of J. J. Ryba’s Stabat Mater with the L’Armonia Terrena orchestra, which received the 2017 Diapason d’Or, are highly acclaimed by the European professional community.

In addition to her extensive concert activity, Cukrová also devotes herself to theater, both in the Czech Republic and abroad (Händel-Festspiele in Göttingen). In recent years, she has been nominated for the Thalia Award for the role of the Wanderer in L’Amour de loin, the Jantar [Amber] Award for Artists of the Moravian-Silesian Region for the portrayal of Bianca in The Rape of Lucretia, and the Classic Prague Award in the concert performance category.

Cukrová studied singing at the State Conservatory in Bratislava and also took private singing lessons with Marie Urbanová. She graduated from the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in English studies. She is also a music teacher and has translated into Czech the book True Singing – a conversation with the successful singing teacher Margreet Honig about singing technique and teaching.

In 2022, Cukrová appeared in Vladimír Sommer’s Vocal Symphony at the Janáček Festival in Brno, enjoying wide critical acclaim. “Cukrová’s self-assured interpretation can be appreciated especially for the absolute clarity of expression, which she unwaveringly maintained throughout.” (Jiří Čevela, Harmonie)

Kateřina Ghannudi studied the harp with Jana Střížková in Prague and Loredana Gintoli in Verona. With the aim to revive the Czech folk tradition, in 2001 she began playing a replica of the Nechanice 19^th-century harp, and went on to use Gothic and Celtic harps too. She rounded off her studies by completing the Baroque Triple Harp programme at the Conservatorio di Musica E. F. Dall’Abaco in Verona. In addition to performing as a soloist in the Czech Republic and other countries, she is a member of Germany’s La Folia Barockorchester. She has collaborated with the Quintana, Anonima Frottolisti and In Cordis ensembles as a harpist and singer, and with Collegium 1704, Czech Ensemble Baroque and Collegium Marianum as a basso continuo player. Having a penchant for different cultures (she has a master’s degree in cultural studies from the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague), Kateřina Ghannudi has also performed with ensembles specialising in world music. Moreover, she has worked as an educator, teaching at the Accademia Resonars in Assisi and giving historical harps seminars.

Jan Krejča initially played the Renaissance lute, before encompassing the theorbo and Baroque guitar too. A sought-after basso continuo player, he has performed with Czech and international ensembles (Collegium 1704, Collegium Marianum, Ensemble Inégal, Capella Cracoviensis, Capella Anna, Les Traversées Baroque, etc.), as well as renowned soloists (Jana Semerádová, Hana Blažíková, Tomáš Král, Sergio Azzolini, Judith Pacquier, Lenka Koubková, Daniel Deuter, Anna Fusek, Magdalena Kožená, and others). Jan Krejča has regularly appeared at festivals, including Prague Spring, Prague Autumn, Concentus Moraviae, Saint Wenceslas Music Festival, Haydn’s Lukavice and Summer Festivities of Early Music. He has performed on Czech Radio and Czech Television, and is featured on dozens of albums released by Accent, Arta Records, Supraphon, Rosa and other labels. His solo album Intavolatura di Tiorba contains recordings of 17-century Italian virtuoso pieces for the theorbo.

Welcome to Italy, the cradle of many artistic styles. This evening, we are making stops in Florence, Mantua, Modena, Venice, Cremona, and even down south in Naples. At the end of the 16^th century and the beginning of the 17^th, music was undergoing a great rebirth from the complicated polyphony of the Renaissance to simple monophony with choral accompaniment. The centre for this new style of music was Florence. The members of a group of artists known as the “Florentine camerata” wanted to capture all of the affects of a sung text more flexibly. The result of their efforts was early Baroque monody, a monophonic style supported by a an instrumental bass line and harmonies. The music was dominated by gentle nuances of ornamentation and detail, but also by great passion with subject matter ranging from love to combat.

The best known representative of the Florentine camerata was the singer, lute player, violist, harpist, and composer Giulio Caccini (1551–1618). He was born in Rome, where he learned music, and from there he was attracted to Florence by Cosimo I de’ Medici. Thanks to his experience as a singer, Caccini became the decisive creative force behind the recitative with its speech-like declamatory style. In 1602 the first volume of his collection Le nuove musiche appeared, and it became a source of inspiration for many successors in Italy and elsewhere in Europe. Both solo madrigals on today’s programme are from this collection.

If the programme of a concert of early Baroque music includes works by no less than three female composers, it can hardly be a coincidence. The first two are Caccini’s daughters, excellent singers who, with their father, mother, and brother Pompeo, belonged to a vocal ensemble that is twice recorded as having appeared in Paris. They also received an excellent education in music and general knowledge. The older sister was the singer, lute player, and poet Francesca Caccini (1587–1641). The Medici court held her artistry in such high regard that in 1614 she was the best paid of all of the musicians there. Besides performing her singing duties, she also managed to teach and compose. She composed several operas in the spirit of the Florentine camarata, and she published a collection of solo songs. Her sister Settimia Caccini (1591 – ca. 1638), four years younger, was active in the same field, but she did not publish a printed collection, and her compositions are scattered among various manuscript sources. She was in demand as a singer, and there is documentation of her engagements for opera performances in Florence and elsewhere.

Settimia also sang in Mantua in the early opera l’Arianna by Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643). A native of Cremona, Monteverdi further developed the ideas of the Florentine camerata, and he was the creator of the new form of the madrigal. Initially he was the maestro di cappella to the House of Gonzaga in Mantua, then in 1613 he accepted the prestigious post of choirmaster at St Mark’s Basilica in Venice. Besides his famous series of collections of madrigals, he published other collections of secular and sacred music including his Scherzi musicali for one or two voices and basso continuo in two volumes from 1607 and 1632. The compositions you will be hearing this evening come from that collection. Compared with Monteverdi’s madrigals, this collection is gentler, more intimate, and also more humorous in character (scherzo = joke).

Monteverdi collaborated with the Venetian poet and librettist Giulio Strozzi, whose adoptive daughter Barbara Strozzi (1619–1677) was a sought-after singer at an early age. The compositions of the third female composer on today’s programme are full of unusual melodic and harmonic ideas, and they were acclaimed by the most illustrious musicians of their day. She published several collections of secular vocal music in which she often set her own texts to music.

Like Monteverdi, Tarquinio Merula (1595–1665) was also from Cremona, and apart from a few interruptions, he spent his entire career as the choirmaster at the cathedral in Cremona. He wrote a number of fascinating instrumental compositions that contributed to the emancipation of instrumental music. He also composed a long list of vocal works – canzonas, madrigals, and sacred works. The Canzonetta spirituale sopra la Nanna is a gentle Christmas lullaby that reminds us of the coming events in Bethlehem.

The composer of the two solo numbers for harp and theorbo is Bellerofonte Castaldi (1581–1649). This composer, singer, and theorbo virtuoso lived in Venice, Modena, and Rome. He was an adventurer, and he wrote controversial satirical poems. He designed a new type of theorbo, the small “tiorbino”. His only preserved collection of instrumental compositions was published in 1622.

The only representative of music from southern Italy on today’s programme is Ascanio Mayone (ca. 1565–1627). He was the organist at the Church of the Santissima Annunziata Maggiore in Naples and also at the local court of the viceroy of Spain, thanks to which he also visited Spain and Portugal. He published a collection of madrigals, and some of his sacred compositions have been preserved, but above all he composed for harpsichord and organ, along with a few works for harp.