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Czech Philharmonic • Kirill Gerstein


Kirill Gerstein systematically focuses on promoting new compositions. This is given in part by the path that led him to classical music. He had originally wanted to be a jazz pianist and graduated from the prestigious Berklee College of Music, other graduates of which include Diana Krall, John Scofield, Hiromi, Alan Silvestri, and Howard Shore.

Subscription series B

Programme

Thomas Larcher
Piano Concerto (world première) (30')
–––
Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 1 in D Major

Performers

Kirill Gerstein piano

Semyon Bychkov conductor

Photo illustrating the event Czech Philharmonic • Kirill Gerstein

Rudolfinum — Dvorak Hall

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Kirill Gerstein systematically focuses on promoting new compositions. This is given in part by the path that led him to classical music. He had originally wanted to be a jazz pianist and graduated from the prestigious Berklee College of Music, other graduates of which include Diana Krall, John Scofield, Hiromi, Alan Silvestri, and Howard Shore. Among the Czech musicians to have studied there are Emil Viklický and Tomáš Kačo. Kirill Gerstein’s studies at Berklee equipped him with extensive knowledge in the areas of jazz and improvisation, which he puts to use both in the classical repertoire – for example in the interpretation of Gershwin’s Rhapsody in Blue with the use of authentic improvisational elements – and when studying new compositions.

After graduating from Berklee, Gerstein moved to Budapest, where he learned classical piano, which has been his focus to this day. He seeks out difficult, noteworthy works. Last year, he recorded Busoni’s Piano Concerto, which is regarded as one of the world’s most difficult. He also won great acclaim for his recording of the Piano Concerto by Thomas Adès, issued on the Deutsche Grammophon label. On the album, the composer himself is conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra. Semyon Bychkov also regularly performs works by Austrian composer Thomas Larcher and the concerto commissioned by the Czech Philharmonic will also be performed with the same soloist at the Konzerthaus in Vienna. In the second half of the programme, Mahler’s First Symphony stands for another piece in the project to record the composer’s complete symphonies, which we are preparing for the Decca label.

Performers

Kirill Gerstein  piano, artistic director

Kirill Gerstein

Born in the territory of the former Soviet Union, the pianist Kirill Gerstein studied in the USA, Spain, and Hungary, and at present he lives in Berlin. Today an American citizen, he represents something like an intersection of the interpretive traditions that he absorbed while maturing as a pianist, taking inspiration from them to create a musical language of his own. Besides his geographical mobility, he also moves freely between historical periods: his repertoire includes works of the traditional canon and contemporary music. He also grew up with jazz.

It was jazz that took him to the Berklee College of Music as the youngest student in the school’s history at 14 years of age. Acting as an intermediary was the jazz legend Gary Burton, whom Gerstein had met in Saint Petersburg. In Boston, he studied jazz and classical piano for several years before deciding ultimately for the career of a classical pianist and heading for New York’s Manhattan School of Music. After graduating, he further broadened his interpretive horizons under Dmitri Bashkirov at the Escuela Superior de Musica Reina Sofia in Madrid and under Ferenc Rados in Budapest. At that time, he began appearing on concert stages, helped by winning the famed Arthur Rubinstein International Piano Competition in Tel Aviv. 

He built up the reputation of a world-class pianist known for advanced technique, intelligent interpretation, and careful reading of scores. As a soloist, he appears with the world’s top ensembles, in the 2023/24 season performing for example with the orchestras of the Leipzig Gewandhaus and the Zurich Tonhalle, the Orchestre national de France, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, and Orchestra del Teatro alla Scala and giving recitals at such venues as Carnegie Hall and Vienna’s Konzerthaus. 

He is known for interpreting contemporary music, having even used the money from the Gilmore Artist Award to commission new works. He is associated in particular with the composer Thomas Adès, who composed his Piano Concerto for Gerstein, whose recording of the work with the Boston Symphony Orchestra received a 2020 Grammy nomination and won a Gramophone Award. In 2021 they together received the International Classical Music Award for Gerstein’s recording of Adès’s solo piano compositions and his music for two pianos, which they recorded together.

Another piano concerto dedicated to Gerstein was written by Thomas Larcher. That is the work that Gerstein was to have performed in Prague with the Czech Philharmonic in 2021, but because of measures to the limit the spread of the Coronavirus, the concert was only streamed, and the programme was changed to Schumann’s Piano Concerto, which will be heard again today at the Rudolfinum. Gerstein is tied to the Czech Philharmonic by years of collaboration dating back to 2012 when the orchestra was still led by Jiří Bělohlávek, and continuing with many more visits to Prague, performances on tour in Europe and America, and a recording of Tchaikovsky’s piano concertos.

Gerstein is passing on his experience to piano students at the Hanns Eisler Academy of Music in Berlin and at the Kronberg Academy. Under the auspices of the latter institution, he has made a series of online seminars with the title “Kirill Gerstein invites…”, debating with such important figures from the world of music as Thomas Adès, Kaija Saariaho, and Sir Antonio Pappano.

Semyon Bychkov  conductor

Semyon Bychkov

In the 2023/2024 season, Semyon Bychkov’s programmes centred on Dvořák’s last three symphonies, the concertos for piano, violin and cello, and three overtures: In Nature’s Realm, Carnival Overture, and Othello. In addition to conducting at Prague’s Rudolfinum, Bychkov and the Czech Philharmonic took the all Dvořák programmes to Korea and across Japan with three concerts at Tokyo’s famed Suntory Hall. Later, in spring, an extensive European tour took the programmes to Spain, Austria, Germany, Belgium, and France and, at the end of year, the Year of Czech Music 2024 will culminate with three concerts at Carnegie Hall in New York. As well as featuring Dvořák’s concertos for piano, violin and cello, the programmes will include three poems from Smetana’s Má vlast, Mahler’s Symphony No. 5 and Janáček’s Glagolitic Mass for which the orchestra will be joined by the Prague Philharmonic Choir. 

Bychkov’s inaugural season with the Czech Philharmonic was celebrated with an international tour that took the orchestra from performances at home in Prague to concerts in London, New York, and Washington. The following year saw the completion of The Tchaikovsky Project – the release of a 7-CD box set devoted to Tchaikovsky’s symphonic repertoire – and a series of international residencies. In his first season with the Czech Philharmonic, Bychkov also instigated the commissioning of 14 new works which have subsequently been premiered by the Czech Philharmonic and performed by orchestras across Europe and in the United States.

As well as the focus on Dvořák’s music, Bychkov and the Czech Philharmonic are exploring the symphonies of Mahler as part of PENTATONE’s ongoing complete Mahler cycle. The first symphonies in the cycle – Symphony No. 4 and Symphony No. 5 were released in 2022, followed in 2023 by Symphony No. 1 and Symphony No. 2 “Resurrection”. Last season’s highlights included performances of Mahler’s Third Symphony in Prague and Baden-Baden, and during the 2024/2025 season, Bychkov will conduct Mahler’s Symphony No. 5 with the orchestra in Prague, New York, and Toronto, and Symphony No. 8 in Prague.

While especially recognised for his interpretations of the core repertoire, Bychkov has built strong and lasting relationships with many extraordinary contemporary composers including Luciano Berio, Henri Dutilleux, and Maurizio Kagel. More recent collaborations include those with Julian Anderson, Bryce Dessner, Detlev Glanert, Thierry Escaich, and Thomas Larcher whose works he has premiered with the Czech Philharmonic, as well as with the Concertgebouworkest, the Vienna, Berlin, New York and Munich Philharmonic Orchestras, Cleveland Orchestra, and the BBC Symphony Orchestra.

In common with the Czech Philharmonic, Bychkov has one foot firmly in the culture of the East and one in the West. Born in St Petersburg in 1952, Bychkov emigrated to the United States in 1975 and has lived in Europe since the mid-1980s. Singled out at the age of five for an extraordinarily privileged musical education, Bychkov studied piano before winning his place at the Glinka Choir School where, aged 13, he received his first lesson in conducting. He was 17 when he was accepted at the Leningrad Conservatory to study with the legendary Ilya Musin and, within three years won the influential Rachmaninoff Conducting Competition. Bychkov left the former Soviet Union when he was denied the prize of conducting the Leningrad Philharmonic.

By the time Bychkov returned to St Petersburg in 1989 as the Philharmonic’s Principal Guest Conductor, he had enjoyed success in the US as Music Director of the Grand Rapids Symphony Orchestra and the Buffalo Philharmonic. His international career, which began in France with Opéra de Lyon and at the Aix-en-Provence Festival, took off with a series of high-profile cancellations which resulted in invitations to conduct the New York and Berlin Philharmonic Orchestras and the Concertgebouworkest. In 1989, he was named Music Director of the Orchestre de Paris; in 1997, Chief Conductor of the WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne; and in 1998, Chief Conductor of the Dresden Semperoper.

Bychkov’s symphonic and operatic repertoire is wide-ranging. He conducts in all the major opera houses including La Scala, Opéra national de Paris, Dresden Semperoper, Wiener Staatsoper, New York’s Metropolitan Opera, the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden, and Teatro Real. While Principal Guest Conductor of Maggio Musicale Fiorentino, his productions of Janáček’s Jenůfa, Schubert’s Fierrabras, Puccini’s La bohème, Shostakovich’s Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk, and Mussorgsky’s Boris Godunov each won the prestigious Premio Abbiati. In Vienna, he has conducted new productions of Strauss’ Daphne, Wagner’s Lohengrin and Parsifal, and Mussorgsky’s Khovanshchina, as well as revivals of Strauss’ Elektra and Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde; while in London, he made his operatic debut with a new production of Strauss’ Elektra, and subsequently conducted new productions of Mozart’s Così fan tutte, Strauss’ Die Frau ohne Schatten, and Wagner’s Tannhäuser. Recent productions include Wagner’s Parsifal at the Bayreuth Festival, Strauss’ Elektra and Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde in Madrid. He returned to Bayreuth to conduct a new production of Wagner’s Tristan und Isolde in summer 2024.

Bychkov’s combination of innate musicality and rigorous Russian pedagogy has ensured that his performances are highly anticipated. In the UK, the warmth of his relationships is reflected in honorary titles at the Royal Academy of Music and the BBC Symphony Orchestra – with whom he appears annually at the BBC Proms. In Europe, he tours with the Concertgebouworkest and Munich Philharmonic, as well as being a guest of the Vienna and Berlin Philharmonics, the Leipzig Gewandhaus, the Orchestre National de France, and Orchestra dell’Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia; in the US, he can be heard with the New York Philharmonic, Chicago Symphony, Los Angeles Symphony, Philadelphia, and Cleveland Orchestras.

Bychkov has recorded extensively for Philips with the Berlin Philharmonic, Bavarian Radio, Concertgebouworkest, Philharmonia, London Philharmonic and Orchestre de Paris. His 13‑year collaboration (1997–2010) with WDR Symphony Orchestra Cologne produced a series of benchmark recordings that included works by Strauss (Elektra, Daphne, Ein Heldenleben, Metamorphosen, Alpensinfonie, Till Eulenspiegel), Mahler (Symphonies No. 3, Das Lied von der Erde), Shostakovich (Symphony Nos. 4, 7, 8, 10, 11), Rachmaninoff (The Bells, Symphonic Dances, Symphony No. 2), Verdi (Requiem), a complete cycle of Brahms Symphonies, and works by Detlev Glanert and York Höller. His 1992 recording of Tchaikovsky’s Eugene Onegin with the Orchestre de Paris was recommended by BBC’s Radio 3’s Building a Library (2020); Wagner’s Lohengrin was BBC Music Magazine’s Record of the Year (2010); and Schmidt’s Symphony No. 2 with the Vienna Philharmonic was BBC Music Magazine’s Record of the Month (2018). Of The Tchaikovsky Project released in 2019, BBC Music Magazine wrote, “The most beautiful orchestra playing imaginable can be heard on Semyon Bychkov’s 2017 recording with the Czech Philharmonic, in which Decca’s state-of-the art recording captures every detail.”

In 2015, Semyon Bychkov was named Conductor of the Year by the International Opera Awards. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the Royal Academy of Music in July 2022 and the award for Conductor of the Year from Musical America in October 2022.

Bychkov was one of the first musicians to express his position on the outbreak of the war in Ukraine, since when he has spoken in support of Ukraine in Prague’s Wenceslas Square; on the radio and television in the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Austria, the UK, and the USA; written By Invitation for The Economist; and appeared as a guest on BBC World’s HARDtalk.

Compositions

Thomas Larcher
Piano Concerto

Gustav Mahler
Symphony No. 1 in D Major

Gustav Mahler svá mistrovská díla nikdy neprosazoval snadno. Hned premiéra jeho První symfonie, uskutečněná 20. listopadu 1889 v Budapešti, kam v září předcházejícího roku nastoupil jako umělecký ředitel uherské Královské opery se setkala ze strany kritiků s poměrně velkou nevolí. Kompozici mimo jiné charakterizovali jako „nudné dílo plné disonancí a prodlev“, a ti, kteří Mahlera neradi viděli v čele budapešťské opery, si přisadili i k jeho uměleckému vedení divadla: „jeho hudba je právě tak zmatená jako jeho působení ve funkci šéfa opery“. Ovšemtak už to u výjimečných umělců, bohužel, bývá. Dnes patří Gustav Mahler k nejvýznamnějším skladatelům evropského pozdního romantismu přelomu 19. a 20. století. Svůj výjimečný a mnohostranný hudební talent, který se u něj začal projevovat již během studií na konzervatoři ve Vídni, zúročil nejen jako dirigent (kdy mimo jiné působil jako šéf operních domů v Budapešti, Hamburku, Dvorní opery ve Vídni a Metropolitní opery v New Yorku), postupem doby i jako úspěšný a oceňovaný skladatel.

Až na rané období, během kterého komponoval zejména skladby komorní (jež ale většinou později sám zničil), a jenž uzavřel kantátou Píseň žalobná, se zaměřil téměř výhradně na tvorbu písní a symfonií, ze kterých jich devět dokončil a poslední, desátá, zůstala kromě první věty víceméně pouze v náčrtcích. I když by se na první pohled mohlo zdát, že zmíněné žánry nemají vcelku nic společného, Mahler nejenže dokázal v impozantním cyklu nazvaném Píseň o zemi oba spojit, ale vzájemně je úspěšně propojoval takřka během celého svého tvůrčího života. Písním s orchestrálními doprovody propůjčoval velkorysý až symfonický tah a naopak zpěvná témata některých jeho symfonických vět buď písňové melodie připomínají, nebo z některých skladatelových písní čerpají či je dokonce citují.

Charakteristickým příkladem této provázanosti jsou hned Mahlerovy první čtyři symfonie, často označované jako „Wunderhorn-Symphonien“, výrazně ovlivněné sbírkou německé lidové poezie Des Knaben Wunderhorn (Chlapcův kouzelný roh). A to buď v symfoniích s vokální složkou (tedy v druhé, třetí a čtvrté) použitím citací celých písní, nebo alespoň citací jejich melodií jako v instrumentální symfonii první.

Symfonii č. 1 D dur,která tvoří druhou polovinu dnešního večera, začal Gustav Mahler komponovat roku 1884, kdy působil jako druhý kapelník v Královském divadle v Kasselu. Její první verzi ale dokončil až o celé čtyři roky později, již jako druhý kapelník Městského divadla v Lipsku, odkud záhy odešel do Budapešti – a to poprvé na post uměleckého šéfa. V té době, kdy už měl za sebou i roční angažmá v Královském německém Zemském divadle v Praze, kam nastoupil roku 1885, Mahler souběžně zahájil také práci na druhé symfonii.

Již zmíněnou první podobu symfonie, tvořenou pěti větami a neúspěšně premiérovanou v Budapešti, Mahler nazval Symfonická báseň ve dvou dílech. Pro další provedení v říjnu 1893 v Hamburku k ní ale – zřejmě pod dojmem četby románu Jeana Paula (byť s jeho dějem nemá nic společného) – připojil název Titan, hudební báseň v symfonické formě, v níž první díl pojmenoval Z časů mládí a druhý latinsky Commedia humana (Lidská komedie) jako připomínku románového cyklu Honoré de Balzaka. Inspiroval se ale při tom také díly všestranně nadaného umělce (zejména spisovatele) Ernsta Theodora Amadea Hofmanna a malířů Jacquese Callota či Moritze Schwinda. Poetickými názvy pak opatřil i jednotlivé věty, k nimž připojil rovněž podrobný program líčící peripetie lidského života se všemi jeho vzruchy, těžkostmi, vítězstvími i prohrami, jehož prostřednictvím chtěl Mahler posluchačům alespoň trochu cestu k dílu usnadnit. To se však nakonec zcela minulo účinkem, a tak v konečné verzi symfonie (z níž byla vypuštěna druhá věta, nazvaná pro hamburské provedení podle sbírky časopiseckých statí Mahlerova oblíbence Jeana Paula Blumine), uvedené 16. března 1896 v Berlíně, skladatel vysvětlující názvy jednotlivých vět, program i název Titan stáhl a provedl ještě řadu retuší. V partituře, určené k vydání tiskem o tři roky později, si však v označení vět neodpustil alespoň podrobné rozvedení pokynů k interpretaci.

I přesto, že berlínští posluchači tedy již žádný program do rukou nedostali, tematický základ jednotlivých částí je z poslechu díla velmi zřetelný. V první větě volně pojaté sonátové formy (Langsam, schleppend) Mahler cituje píseň Ging heutʼ morgen überʼs Feld (Když jsem šel ráno přes pole) z Písní potulného tovaryše, ve scherzové větě, Kräftig bewegt, doch nicht zu schnell,vychází z tanečního rytmu ländleru, třetí věta, Feierlich und gemessen, ohne zu schleppen, kombinuje tragiku, protkávající celé Mahlerovo dílo, se skladatelovým pověstným groteskním šklebem (smuteční pochod je tu variací na kánon Frère Jacques, v německé verzi známý jako Bruder Martin) a ve své střední části opět cituje část z Písní potulného tovaryše a věta finální Stürmisch bewegt opět psaná v sonátové formě, je (auto)portrétem „Titana“, bojujícího se světem i se sebou samým, kdy se prostřednictvím návratu tematického materiálu hrdina ohlíží za svým životem...

V Praze symfonie poprvé zazněla 3. března 1898 v provedení orchestru Nového německého divadla, řízeného samotným autorem.

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